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UK

Northern North Sea:
1) Basin scale evaluation using structural modelling and burial histories, constraining movement histories on different fault trends, evaluating subsidence and reservoir development
2) Evaluation of structurally complex areas of a mature field, using fault analysis and structural modelling to constrain fault interpretations, evaluate compartmentalisation, and assist well planning

Witch Ground Graben/Moray Firth:
1) Fault analysis of a prospect identified problems with interpretation of boundary fault system and potential lack of structural closure at one end of the prospect
2) In a complex zone of fault linkage in a field, fault analysis followed by seismic reappraisal was used to decipher separate fault trends, their periods of movement and interaction

Central Graben:
1) QC of existing interpretation of two fields, evaluating salt tectonism and providing structural model; specific risks addressed relating e.g. to mapping of bounding faults and faults between fields and additional prospects
2) Structural assessment of timing of different fault sets and fault seal study in prospect area, is reservoir synrift and what is the impact for fault seal risk

Southern North Sea:
1) Fault seal and structural study of prospects involving inverted faults, using modelling techniques to evaluate movement history and palaeotopgraphic dip changes (impacting potential migration routes) and fault seal analysis techniques in a high net to gross ratio reservoir
2) Structural modelling of inverted fault zone, using modelling to validate interpretational geometries, and unravel structural history involving extension, salt movement and inversion related folding
3) Integrated field study aimed at evaluating depth conversion, structure, structural history, compartmentalisation, filling history, pressure history, reservoir zonation, and volumetrics

Abal have recently completed a series of fault seal evaluations for Wintershall Noordzee B.V. on some of their Southern North Sea acreage. These evaluations used a variety of techniques to evaluate fault seal in stratigraphy incorporating thick sands, where shale smear, cataclasis and other fault seal mechanisms are likely to have played a role. Risking and ranking of prospects was carried out and will contribute to drilling decisions.
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Atlantic Margins (UK, Norway, Faeroes, Ireland):
1) Structural evaluation of frontier exploration acreage: several rift episodes identified active at different times in different locations; risk associated with uncertainties in seismic sequence age & structure mapping assessed; implications for reservoir development, trap integrity and migration pathways defined
2) Geodynamic modelling of key regional cross section: anomalous subsidence identified; crustal scale modelling using gravity and seismic refraction data used to resolve this

Irish Sea/Offshore SW UK:
1) Fault seal study of carbonate prospect modelled different facies juxtapositions and risk of fault seal in each case; fault analysis identified problems with intra prospect faults
2) Characterisation of small scale structures in Permo-Trias reservoir from comparison of field and borehole image log datasets; tools developed to predict fault distribution from this type of data

UK onshore:
Fault analysis of operator's structure map, questions raised about a proposed well location and perceived degree of compartmentalisation within a field

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Europe

France: Structural evaluation of main hydrocarbon basins


Italy: Analysis and quantification of fracturing in a carbonate reservoir from core and borehole image logs, fracture and other porosity evaluation and volumetric estimates  

Netherlands:
1) Fault seal study of prospects using fault and fault seal analysis; different methods of evaluation compared and contrasted, uncertainties in stratigraphy modelled
2) Block scale structural interpretation evaluation: differences in degree of deformation and geometry of separate prospects explained, fault mapping problematic, alternatives given  

Norway:
1) Fault seal study of compartmentalised field and surrounding prospects assessed degree of compartmentalisation, identified migration pathways and shadows, explained well failures and predicted column heights in areas of additional prospectivity
2) Regional structural evaluation of part of the Norwegian Margin: seismic interpretation and structural modelling used to constrain structural geometries, unravel structural evolution and assess prospectivity
3) Structural evaluation of block scale area, examining structural style and history of several prospects, QC of structure mapping, fault seal study provided seal risk assessment and migration pathway analysis

Romania: Validation of interpretation in a license areas of the Carpathian fold belt, using structural modelling and assessment of alternative interpretations

Spain: Regional evaluation of prospectivity of NE Spain encompassing three basins, using regional literature review, seismic interpretation, burial history analysis and Landsat data

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Middle East and Africa

Algeria: Structural input to recognising major new oilfields

Angola: Validation of interpretations and structural evolution in an area of salt raft tectonics: implications for palaeobathymetry and Miocene depositional sequences addressed


Botswana: Evaluation of a major unexplored basin

Egypt: Investigation of fault zone properties, fault damage zones, and relationships between different fault parameters, from field studies in an area of outstanding exposure, field trips to Sinai, Gulf of Suez.

Egypt: Fracture analysis from image logs and integration with a regional tectonic model, studies in the Nile Delta, fault seal analysis in Western Desert prospects.

Namibia: Tectonic control on the development of alluvial diamond deposits, evaluation of offshore seismic data

Nigeria: Fault seal analysis of deeper water prospects, using fault analysis and shale smear evaluations; structural modelling used to assess uncertainty in stratigraphy

Oman: Regional study and prospect analysis of a deep basin containing salt.

South Africa:
1) Structural analysis of the development of the Witwatersrand Basin and development of new gold exploration models.
2) Structural analysis of seismic data, fault mapping and fault geometry in the Vaal Reef gold mines.


Syria: Fractured carbonate reservoir study

Tunisia: Structural modelling of an inverted rift

Yemen: Seismic interpretation and structural evaluation

Zambia-DRC: Regional tectono-stratigraphic evaluation of the copper belt Lufilian Arc for new exploration models

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Asia/Australasia

Australia: New exploration models in a world class mining province - Mt. Isa.

Bangladesh: Offshore geometry and hydrocarbon potential

Indonesia: Compilation of fault seal database from all producing areas

New Zealand: Structural study of a shear zone hosted gold deposit

Pakistan: Regional and licence scale structural evaluation of prospectivity of a complex area using plate reconstruction, structural modelling, field work and analogue models

India: Structural studies in the offshore of SE India, Krishnar-Godavri deltas; regional structural development of the Assam fold belt and the foreland basin, NE India

Philippines: Seismic interpretation and structural evaluation

Thailand: Regional review, field scale structural evaluation and fault seal analysis of a mature field using plate reconstruction, literature review, fault analysis, seismic QC, and analysis of static and dynamic fault seal using production data

Vietnam: Fault seal analysis and structure map QC of three prospects, using fault analysis and fault seal analysis techniques, and modelling of stratigraphic uncertainty

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Americas

Colombia: Analysis of a structurally complex field in the Andean fold belt and development of 3D reservoir model, using structural modelling, analysis of core and log data, and field analogues

Brazil: Section restoration and structural validation projects in several offshore basins

Falklands: Review of block scale seismic interpretation and structure mapping, structural modelling used to evaluate likely presence/absence of footwall prospects

West Indies: Review of structure and potential reservoir development in a license area in a subduction related setting

Rocky Mountain fold and thrust belt: studies on thrust and sub-thrust structure using section restoration
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